Inside the Trenches of a Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Case-Preparing the Initial Filing
In the world of business law, many seem to be mystified by the chapter 11 bankruptcy process. When I tell my friends and colleagues what I do, they still don’t seem to understand me. I get that glazed, deer-in-headlights look. I just recently filed a Chapter 11 case and I decided to write a series of blog posts as we are going through the process.
The chapter 11 process is expensive but can be a worthwhile option and a financially prudent decision for certain businesses wishing to reorganize, restructure their debts, reject undesirable contracts, and/or orderly liquidate certain assets under the jurisdiction and protection of the bankruptcy court.
Triggering Event. Usually an event triggers the filing (a pending auction of assets, an inability to payroll, the threat of a shut-off notice for utilities, a impending freezing of bank accounts, a filed lawsuit, etc.). A debtor can file an emergency petition in such an instance.
Emergency Petition. To file an emergency petition, at the very minimum a debtor needs to submit the 2-page petition, its list of 20 largest unsecured creditors, and a creditor matrix (listing all of the creditors the debtor believes it currently has). This sounds like a simple initial filing; but, it might not be. The preparation of the debtor’s bankruptcy petition and related schedules can be very time-consuming depending upon the nature of the debtor’s business, how orderly its books and records are, and how many divisions or locations, it has etc.
Automatic Stay. Once the minimal skeletal documents are filed, an “automatic stay” goes into immediate effect; the automatic stay is basically an injunction against any and all actions against the debtor and is property. If a creditor violates the stay, it is a serious infringement and the bankruptcy court can award sanctions against the creditor.
After the initial bankruptcy petition is filed, a Ch. 11 debtor has another 14 days within which to file its complete schedules and statement of financial affairs. This timeframe can be extended for cause.
"Debtor In Possession" Bank and Insurance Information. Also once the petition is filed, generally within 10 days, the debtor and its counsel have to submit certain bank account and insurance information to the United States Trustee (part of the Department of Justice). Importantly, a business must close its books as of its bankruptcy "Petition Date" and open up a new set of financial books and records. New "Debtor-in-Possession" ("DIP") Bank accounts must be opened at certain approved banks; the United States Trustee's Office has the "approved" list of banks. The debtor and its counsel also may have an initial debtor interview with the agent for the United States Trustee (depending upon the district in which you file), at which the debtor discusses its business operations and assets and liabilities.
The Bankruptcy Court Is Watching. Once a bankruptcy petition is filed, a business will then have to seek bankruptcy court approval prior to taking many actions (paying its lawyers and accountants, paying pre-petition wages, utilizing cash ("cash collateral") to pay expenses, selling anything outside the ordinary course). A business debtor post-petition generally CANNOT pay any pre-petition obligations, otherwise serious consequences may ensure, including "avoidance" lawsuits.
Drama. The initial filing process can be intense for everyone involved. Lots of information gathering, document review, fact checking. Many phone calls may be made to and from creditors about the impact of the filing of the case.
Often, a distressed situation, not surprisingly, involves drama. In some instances I have had to file the case right before the auction on the courthouse steps, right before the repossession crew found the vehicle, or right after the doors to a business were locked and the business suddenly went dark. After the petition is filed and is made known to the public, media outlets may starting calling to find out more about the future of the business.
STAY TUNED FOR MORE DETAILS REGARDING INSIDE THE TRENCHES OF A CHAPTER 11 BANKRUPTCY CASE
MAZURKRAEMER represents debtors and creditors in bankruptcy courts all over the country. The information, comments and links posted on this blog do not constitute legal advice. No attorney-client relationship has been or will be formed by any communication(s) to, from or with the blog and/or the blogger. For legal advice, contact an attorney at MAZURKRAEMER or an attorney actively practicing in your jurisdiction.